在規模化長毛兔養殖中，維持適宜的舍內溫度是保障兔群健康、提升毛（máo）皮品質的（de）核心要素。通過環境調控技術、建築工藝優化及精細化管理的綜合應用，養殖廠（chǎng）構建起動態平（píng）衡（héng）的溫濕度控（kòng）製係統，確保兔隻始終處於生長（zhǎng）狀態（tài）。

　　In large-scale breeding of long haired rabbits, maintaining a suitable indoor temperature is a core element in ensuring the health of the rabbit population and improving fur quality. Through the comprehensive application of environmental regulation technology, building process optimization, and refined management, the breeding plant has established a dynamically balanced temperature and humidity control system to ensure that rabbits are always in the best growth state.

　　一、長毛兔的生理溫度閾值與（yǔ）需求

　　1、 Physiological temperature threshold and demand of long haired rabbits

　　適宜溫度範圍

　　Suitable temperature range

　　成年兔適環境溫度為15-25℃，新生仔兔需30-32℃保溫環境，斷奶後逐步過渡成兔溫度。某科研機構監（jiān）測顯示，溫（wēn）度波動（dòng）超±5℃時，兔群采食量下降（jiàng），換毛周期延（yán）長。

　　The optimal ambient temperature for adult rabbits is 15-25 ℃, while newborn rabbits require a 30-32 ℃ insulation environment, gradually transitioning to adult rabbit temperature after weaning. Monitoring by a certain research institution shows that when the temperature fluctuation exceeds ± 5 ℃, the feed intake of the rabbit population decreases and the shedding cycle is prolonged.

　　溫度應激影響

　　The impact of temperature stress

　　低溫導致基礎代謝率提升，飼料轉化（huà）率降低；高（gāo）溫引發熱應激，公兔精液品質下降，母兔受胎率降低。某規模化（huà）兔場數據表明，30℃以（yǐ）上（shàng）環境持續72小（xiǎo）時，母兔流產率上升。

　　Low temperature leads to an increase in basal metabolic rate and a decrease in feed conversion rate; High temperature induces heat stress, leading to a decrease in semen quality in male rabbits and a decrease in conception rate in female rabbits. Data from a large-scale rabbit farm shows that when the temperature remains above 30 ℃ for 72 hours, the miscarriage rate of female rabbits increases.

　　二、建築（zhù）設計與被動式溫控

　　2、 Architectural Design and Passive Temperature Control

　　朝向與通風廊道

　　Orientation and ventilation corridor

　　兔舍采用坐北朝南布局，利用自然光照（zhào）調節晝夜溫差。某示範基地設計通風廊道，夏季（jì）風（fēng）速提升，加速舍內空氣置（zhì）換（huàn），降低熱（rè）積聚。

　　The rabbit house adopts a north facing south layout, utilizing natural light to regulate the temperature difference between day and night. A certain demonstration base is designed with a ventilation corridor, which increases the wind speed in summer, accelerates the air exchange inside the building, and reduces heat accumulation.

　　保溫隔熱構造

　　Thermal insulation structure

　　牆體采用240mm厚頁岩磚+50mm擠塑板複合結構，傳熱係數降，冬季夜間（jiān）舍（shě）溫波動（dòng）小於3℃。屋頂設（shè）置300mm空氣間層，搭配反射膜，減少輻射熱侵入。

　　The wall adopts a composite structure of 240mm thick shale bricks and 50mm extruded polystyrene board, with a reduced heat transfer coefficient and a temperature fluctuation of less than 3 ℃ at night in winter. The roof is equipped with a 300mm air layer and reflective film to reduce the intrusion of radiant heat.

　　地麵（miàn）防潮與導熱

　　Ground moisture prevention and thermal conductivity

　　發酵床地麵鋪設地暖管，冬季水溫維持28-30℃，結（jié）合生物發酵產熱，使地（dì）麵溫度穩定在20℃以上，減（jiǎn）少仔兔腹瀉發生率。

　　Lay underfloor heating pipes on the fermentation bed floor, maintain a water temperature of 28-30 ℃ in winter, and combine with biological fermentation heat production to stabilize the floor temperature above 20 ℃, reducing the incidence of diarrhea in young rabbits.

　　三（sān）、主動式環境調（diào）控技術

　　3、 Active environmental regulation technology

　　智能溫控係統

　　Intelligent temperature control system

　　部署溫濕度傳（chuán）感器網絡，通（tōng）過物（wù）聯網平台實時調控（kòng）設備。某兔場應用後，舍內溫度波動範圍控製在±1℃以內，能耗降（jiàng）低。

　　Deploy a network of temperature and humidity sensors to control devices in real-time through an IoT platform. After application in a certain rabbit farm, the temperature fluctuation range inside the house was controlled within ± 1 ℃, and energy consumption was reduced.

　　分級供暖方案

　　Graded heating scheme

　　仔兔保育區采用遠紅外陶瓷加熱板，局（jú）部升溫32℃，成（chéng）兔區（qū）使用空氣能熱泵，能效比達3.8，較電加熱（rè）。

　　The juvenile rabbit conservation area uses far-infrared ceramic heating plates to locally raise the temperature to 32 ℃, while the adult rabbit area uses air source heat pumps with an energy efficiency ratio of 3.8, which is more energy-efficient than electric heating.

　　蒸發降溫裝置

　　Evaporative cooling device

　　夏季啟用濕簾-風（fēng）機（jī）降（jiàng）溫係統，當（dāng）舍溫超28℃時自動啟動，可使舍內溫度（dù）降低，配合噴霧，同時控製呼吸道疾病傳播。

　　The wet curtain fan cooling system is used in summer. When the room temperature exceeds 28 ℃, it will automatically start, which can reduce the temperature in the room, cooperate with spray disinfection, and control the spread of respiratory diseases.

　　四、氣流組（zǔ）織與空氣質量管理

　　4、 Airflow organization and air quality management

　　縱向通風模式

　　Vertical ventilation mode

　　兔（tù）舍兩端安裝變頻風機，通（tōng）過（guò）負壓通風形（xíng）成定向氣流，風速控製在0.2-0.5m/s，避免賊風直吹。某兔（tù）場實（shí）測顯示，該（gāi）模式使氨氣濃度降10ppm以下。

　　Install variable frequency fans at both ends of the rabbit house to create directional airflow through negative pressure ventilation, with wind speed controlled at 0.2-0.5m/s to avoid direct blowing of thief wind. The actual test at a rabbit farm shows that this mode reduces the ammonia concentration to below 10ppm.

　　空氣過濾與淨（jìng）化

　　Air filtration and purification

　　進風口設置初效+活性炭過濾網，攔截粉塵及（jí）有害氣體。某養殖基地應用後，兔（tù）群呼吸道疾病發病率降低。

　　The air inlet is equipped with an initial effect and activated carbon filter to intercept dust and harmful gases. After application in a breeding base, the incidence rate of respiratory diseases in rabbits decreased.

　　五、分階段精準管理策略

　　5、 Staged precise management strategy

　　仔（zǎi）兔保育期

　　Baby Rabbit Care Period

　　0-1月齡（líng）仔兔置於保溫箱內，底部鋪設電熱板，頂（dǐng）部懸掛紅外燈，營造30-32℃微環境，濕度控製在60%-65%，減少黃尿病發生。

　　0-1 month old rabbits are placed in an insulated box with an electric heating plate at the bottom and an infrared lamp hanging at the top to create a micro environment of 30-32 ℃. The humidity is controlled at 60% -65% to reduce the occurrence of yellow urine disease.

　　育（yù）成期過渡

　　Transition during the incubation period

　　4周齡後逐步降低保溫設備（bèi）功率，每周下調1-2℃，8周齡完全適應成兔舍溫度。某兔場采用此方案，成活（huó）率提升。

　　Gradually reduce the power of the insulation equipment after 4 weeks of age, lowering it by 1-2 ℃ per week, until it fully adapts to the temperature of the rabbit house at 8 weeks of age. A certain rabbit farm adopts this plan, which improves the survival rate.

　　種兔特殊管理

　　Special management of breeding rabbits

　　妊娠母兔舍（shě）溫保持18-22℃，避免（miǎn）高溫（wēn）導致的（de）死胎、弱胎。公兔舍溫度控製在20℃左右，保障精液活力，某實（shí）驗室檢（jiǎn）測顯示，該溫（wēn）度下精子畸形率。

　　Pregnant female rabbits should maintain a temperature of 18-22 ℃ to avoid stillbirths and weak fetuses caused by high temperatures. The temperature in the public rabbit house is controlled at around 20 ℃ to ensure the vitality of semen. A laboratory test showed that the sperm deformity rate is the lowest at this temperature.

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